Published research

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1. Principle of treatment of eye disease

   Eye diseases represent a significant public health concern because they can cause visual impairment, blindness, reduced quality of life, and socioeconomic difficulties. Many ophthalmic conditions are preventable or treatable when diagnosed early and managed appropriately. The treatment of eye diseases requires a systematic approach based on accurate diagnosis, identification of underlying causes, assessment of disease severity, preservation of visual function, and prevention of complications. This review aims to describe the fundamental principles of treatment of common eye diseases, including infectious, inflammatory, degenerative, vascular, traumatic, and refractive disorders. A structured narrative review approach was adopted using standard ophthalmology textbooks, peer-reviewed medical literature, and clinical recommendations from recognized health organizations. The reviewed evidence was organized according to general treatment principles, pharmacological management, surgical interventions, emergency ophthalmic care, preventive strategies, and rehabilitation. The findings demonstrate that effective ophthalmic management depends on early recognition, appropriate selection of medical or surgical treatment, rational use of medications, regular monitoring, and patient education. Conditions such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, corneal infections, and refractive errors require different therapeutic approaches according to their pathophysiology and clinical presentation. Preventive measures, including eye protection, diabetes control, screening, hygiene, and timely referral, are also essential components of ophthalmic care. The review concludes that individualized, evidence-based treatment and early intervention are central to preserving vision and reducing avoidable blindness. Knowledge of these principles is essential for medical students and healthcare professionals involved in primary, emergency, and specialist healthcare.

   Repository recordSystematic ReviewPublished 11 October 2026PLY-2026-000016